Coordinating & Subordinating Conjunctions

What are Conjunctions?

Conjunctions help join words or groups of words in a sentence, and they can take different forms as coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions.

Coordinating conjunctions:

Coordinating conjunction link parts of any given sentence (phrases, or clauses) that are independent or equal using the following: and/or/but/so/yet/nor/for.

Use ”and” if you want to mean “in addition to”.
Use ”or” to show a choice between two things.
Use “but” to connect two different things that do not agree.
Use “so” if you want to declare the last part of the sentence as result.
Use ”for” can be used in place of the word (because).
Use “yet” to talk about contrast with something.
Use ”nor” to show a set of negative possibilities.

The coordinating conjunctions are also known as the F.A.N.B.O.Y.S:

F = For.
A = And.
N = Nor.
B = But.
O = Or.
Y = Yet.
S = So.

Examples:

I bought vegetables and fruits at the store.
We are going to the zoo and the aquarium today.
Do you want to eat inside or outside?
I’m a night owl, but she is an early bird.
I want to clean the house, but I am very tired.
This song has been on my mind, so listen to it again.
My friend is partying, so I am bringing him a gift.
He wants to become a leader, for there is no one to lead them.
She took chemistry for it is her favorite class material.
He prepared very well, yet he could not make it to the finales.
He failed multiple times on his experiment, yet he never gives up.
I cannot be at the meeting nor can Adam.
She did not pass the first phase nor the last one.

Subordinating conjunctions:

Use subordination to join two sentences together when one idea is less important (subordinate) to the other using:

SUBORDINATORS		EXAMPLES
Comparison
	Than	She is more clever then all of us.
	Rather Than	I will have tea rather than coffee.
	Whether	You must decide whether you will go by train or by plane.
	As Much As	I eat as much as you.
	Whereas	Ahmed is tall and blond whereas his brother is short and has dark hair.
Relative adjectives
	That	She went to the market that she likes the most.
	Whatever	He is always honest about whatever he says.
	which	The car which I drive is old.
Time
	After	Mary went out with her friends, after she had done her homework.
	As soon as	A baby elephant can stand as soon as it is born.
	As long as	You will succeed as long as you do your homework.
	Before	She always feeds her cat before she goes to school.
	By the time	By the time he arrived the party has begun.
	Now that	You can go and play now that you have finished your homework.
	Once	Once you learn it, you never forget.
	Since	Ahmed is a teacher since 2010.
	Till	James lived with his parents till he was twenty-five.
	Until	You can stay on the bus until you reach London.
	When	They went to the beach when the weather was hot.
	Whenever	Whenever I go out, I always take my keys with me.
	While	While I was walking to the market, I met my old friend.
Concession
	Though	Though it was raining, she went out.
	Although	Although the kitchen is small, it is well designed.
	Even Though	Even though he is a millionaire, he lives in small flat.
Relative pronoun
	Who	The person who made this mess needs to clean it.
	whoever	Whoever leaves last should turn off the light.
	whom	He is the man whom I meet in Greece .
	whomever	He was free to marry whomever he chose.
	whose	She is the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
Place
	where	This is the park where we played.
	wherever	Wherever you go in the world you will always find someone who speaks English.
Condition
	if	If you leave now, you will miss the game.
	Only if	You can have access to the library, only if you are a university student.
	Unless	You won’t succeed unless you work hard.
	Provided that	I was allowed to go off by myself, provided that I promise to be careful.
	Assuming that	I hope to go to college next year, assuming that I pass my exams.
	Even if	Even if you have already bought your ticket you will need to wait in line.
	In case	I have my umbrella with me in case it rains.
	Lest	Study hard lest you should fail
Manner
	How	She taught him how to play the piano.
	As though	They look as though they’re heading for divorce.

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